Which action can lead to a significant improvement in an organization’s security posture?

Limiting access to data based on user roles is a fundamental principle of information security known as the principle of least privilege. By ensuring that users have only the access necessary for their job functions, organizations reduce the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information and critical systems. This action minimizes potential damages from both internal and external threats, as an attacker would have less opportunity to exploit excessive permissions.

Implementing role-based access controls helps to create a more structured and secure environment. Employees are granted specific rights and privileges that align with their responsibilities, which not only enhances security but also simplifies auditing and monitoring of user activities. This can contribute to a stronger overall security posture, as it allows for better control over sensitive data and reduces the attack surface within the organization.

In contrast, options that suggest increasing access or removing protective measures like firewalls would likely exacerbate security vulnerabilities rather than improve them. Reducing the number of software applications may streamline processes but does not directly enhance security. Therefore, implementing role-based access control is crucial for strengthening an organization's defenses against potential threats.