What is multi-factor authentication (MFA)?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security technique that enhances the protection of user accounts by requiring two or more verification factors to gain access. This approach goes beyond the traditional single-factor authentication method, which typically relies solely on a password. By incorporating additional factors such as something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a smartphone app or hardware token), or something the user is (like a fingerprint or facial recognition), MFA significantly reduces the likelihood of unauthorized access.

This method is effective in mitigating risks associated with phishing attacks or password breaches, as even if a password is compromised, unauthorized individuals would still require the additional verification factors to successfully breach the account. MFA is widely adopted in many fields and is considered a best practice for increasing overall security.

The other options describe methods or aspects of authentication that do not encompass the multi-factor approach. For instance, a process requiring only a password does not meet the criteria for MFA, as it relies on a single verification factor. Similarly, while biometrics can be part of an MFA setup, they alone do not define MFA, since MFA encompasses multiple types of verification. A simplified form of password reset does not pertain to the multi-factor concept at all, as it focuses on account