What is firmware?

Firmware refers to a specialized type of software that is embedded directly into hardware devices to control their specific functions and operations. It acts as the intermediary between the hardware and higher-level software, such as operating systems or applications. Firmware is crucial because it provides the necessary instructions for how the device communicates and performs tasks, effectively functioning at a low level that is closely tied to the hardware itself.

Devices such as routers, printers, and embedded systems rely on firmware to operate correctly. It is often stored in non-volatile memory, ensuring that it remains available even when the device is powered off. The nature of firmware allows it to provide specific operational control that can be essential for the device’s intended functionalities.

In comparison to other types of software, firmware doesn’t generally enhance user experience in terms of interfaces or capabilities; instead, it primarily ensures that the hardware operates according to its design. While firmware may receive updates, those updates are typically less frequent than what is seen with applications, which often require regular updates to add features or fix vulnerabilities.